Taylor's fifth principle concerns openness: economies that participate freely in global trade and capital flows consistently outperform those that try to protect domestic industries through import restrictions and capital controls. The mechanism is specialisation: when countries trade, each can focus on what it produces most efficiently, which raises productivity and growth across the system. For Nigeria specifically: the debate about industrial policy — whether to protect domestic industries to build local capability — is an important and unresolved one, and the case for some forms of strategic industrial policy is stronger than Taylor's framework suggests. But the broader principle holds: the countries in Africa that have grown fastest have generally been those that integrated into global markets, found something they could produce competitively, and built on that. Understanding what Nigeria and African entrepreneurs can produce competitively in a global economy is one of the most important economic questions of your generation.