One of the counterintuitive chapters in Disrupt Yourself is Johnson's argument about constraints. Most people treat constraints, limited resources, restricted options, lack of credentials or capital, as problems to be solved before the real work can begin. Johnson argues that this gets the logic backwards. Constraints force creativity. When resources are unlimited, the path of least resistance is to apply the obvious solution at adequate scale. When resources are limited, the obvious solution is unavailable, and the constrained thinker is forced to find a different route. That different route is often more innovative and more defensible than the obvious one would have been. She points to the evidence in innovation: the most disruptive products and business models were rarely created by incumbents with enormous resources. They were created by new entrants who could not afford the incumbent's approach and were therefore forced to find something different. This applies directly to personal career disruption. The person who lacks the conventional credential is forced to demonstrate value in unconventional ways. The person who cannot afford to wait builds speed and resourcefulness. The person who cannot match the incumbent's resources builds relationships and agility instead. Johnson's practical advice: rather than listing your constraints and waiting for them to be resolved, ask how each constraint could be an advantage. What does not having the conventional resource force you to do differently? Often the answer is: something better.