Unjust Systems and Charismatic Leaders
1 of 5
Animal Farm begins with Old Major, an old boar who is respected by all the animals on the farm. He calls the animals together for a meeting and delivers a speech that becomes the intellectual foundation of the revolution. He argues that the animals' suffering has a single cause: Man. Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. If Man were removed, the animals would be free, well-fed, and equal. He teaches them a song called Beasts of England, which becomes the anthem of their hoped-for rebellion. Old Major dies before the revolution happens. The pigs, who are the most intelligent animals, take on the task of preparing for and leading the rebellion when it eventually comes. The two main pig leaders are Snowball, who is quick-thinking and persuasive, and Napoleon, who is quieter, more calculating, and less interested in debate. When the revolution finally occurs, it is almost accidental: Mr Jones, the farmer, comes home drunk and forgets to feed the animals. The hungry animals break into the store and help themselves. When Jones tries to beat them back, the animals drive him off the farm. In one impulsive act, the revolution is achieved. The pigs immediately take charge. They paint the Seven Commandments of Animalism on the barn wall, the key principle being that all animals are equal. The farm is renamed Animal Farm. The animals work harder than they ever did under Jones because now they are working for themselves. Orwell's opening sets up the question the entire book explores: when an unjust system is overthrown, does the new system automatically become just? Or does the structure of power reshape whoever occupies it?